Rarraba Batirin Lithium-ion Daga Ma'anar Material

(Rarraba Batirin Lithium-ion Daga Ma'anar Materials)

Hakazalika da baturi na tushen gubar da na nickel, ions lithium suna amfani da ingantacciyar lantarki (cathode), rashin wutar lantarki (anode), da electrolyte a matsayin madugu. Ingantacciyar waya ita ce karfen oxide, kuma gurɓataccen lantarki ya ƙunshi graphite mara ƙarfi. A lokacin fitarwa, lithium ions suna motsawa daga mummunan electrode zuwa ingantaccen lantarki ta hanyar lantarki da mai rarrabawa; yayin caji, ions lithium suna gudana daga ingantacciyar wutar lantarki zuwa madaidaicin wutar lantarki a gaban kwatance.

 

Lokacin da cajin baturi da fitarwa, Li + shuttles tsakanin tabbatacce da korau electrodes, a lokacin fitarwa, da anode oxidizes, rasa electrons, da kuma cathode yana rage don samun barbashi; lokacin yin caji, cajin yana motsawa zuwa kishiyar hanya.

 

Akwai nau'ikan batura lithium-ion da yawa, dangane da kayan lantarki. Amma lokacin da kuka zaɓi kayan daban-daban, aikin baturi zai bambanta sosai.

 

Ingantattun kayan lantarki duk sun ƙunshi Li+. Lithium cobalt oxide gama gari (lithium cobalt oxide), lithium manganese oxide (wanda kuma aka sani da spinel ko lithium manganate), lithium iron phosphate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary abu (NMC) [3] da lithium nickel cobalt Aluminum oxide (NCA). Duk waɗannan kayan suna da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun makamashi na sama (lithium-ion yana da ƙarfin ka'idar kusan 2000 kWh, wanda ya fi sau goma ƙayyadaddun makamashi na baturin lithium-ion na kasuwanci).

 

Asalin baturin lithium-ion na Sony yana amfani da coke (samfurin gawayi) azaman kayan lantarki mai cutarwa. Tun daga 1997, yawancin masana'antun batirin lithium-ion, gami da Sony, sun canza kayan anode zuwa graphite, wanda ya haifar da lankwasa mai lebur. Graphite wani nau'i ne na carbon da ake amfani da shi a cikin fensir. Yana iya adana ions lithium da kyau yayin caji kuma yana da dogon zagayowar da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali. Daga cikin kayan carbon, graphite shine mafi yawan al'ada, sannan kuma carbon mai ƙarfi da carbon mai laushi. Sauran carbons, irin su carbon nanotubes, ba su sami amfanin kasuwancin su ba tukuna. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana kwatanta maƙallan fitar da wutar lantarki na batirin lithium-ion na zamani tare da graphite a matsayin wutar lantarki mara kyau da baturi na lithium-ion mai tsohon coke negative electrode.

 

A cikin kewayon fitarwa na yau da kullun, baturin yakamata ya kasance yana da madaidaicin madaurin wutar lantarki, wanda ya fi tsohon coke.

 

Abubuwan Anode suma suna haɓakawa, kuma masu bincike suna ci gaba da yin gwaji tare da sabbin kayan, gami da gami da tushen silicon. A cikin wannan gami, ana haɗa ƙwayoyin carbon guda shida zuwa lithium-ion guda ɗaya, kuma atom ɗin silicon ɗaya na iya haɗa ions lithium huɗu. Wannan yana nufin cewa siliki mara kyau na iya adana makamashin kayan graphite sau goma a zahiri. A halin yanzu, kayan silicon sun karu da 20% -30% a cikin takamaiman iya aiki a farashin rage yuwuwar kaya da rayuwar sake zagayowar. Koyaya, matsalar ita ce yayin aiwatar da caji, ions lithium suna sauƙin faɗaɗa cikin ƙarar bayan an saka su a cikin kayan da ke tushen silicon (girma zuwa fiye da sau huɗu girman farko).

 

Gishiri na lithium titanate nanostructured yana da kyakkyawar rayuwa ta sake zagayowar da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, kyakkyawan aiki mai ƙarancin zafi, da aikin aminci na aiki azaman kayan lantarki mai cutarwa. Duk da haka, takamaiman aikinsa yana da ƙasa, kuma farashin yana da yawa.

(Rarraba Batirin Lithium-ion Daga Ma'anar Materials)