Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā Bateri Lithium-ion mai ke ʻano o nā mea

(Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Bateri Lithium-ion mai ke ʻano o nā mea waiwai)

E like me ke alakaʻi a me ka nickel-based batteries, hoʻohana nā ion lithium i kahi electrode maikaʻi (cathode), kahi electrode maikaʻi ʻole (anode), a me kahi electrolyte ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. ʻO ka uea maikaʻi he ʻokikene metala, a ʻo ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole he graphite porous. I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, neʻe nā ion lithium mai ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole i ka electrode maikaʻi ma o ka electrolyte a me ka mea hoʻokaʻawale; i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana, kahe ka lithium ion mai ka electrode maikaʻi i ka electrode ʻino ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.

 

Ke hoʻopiʻi a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pā, Li + shuttles ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, oxidizes ka anode, nalowale nā ​​electrons, a hoʻemi ʻia ka cathode e loaʻa ai nā ʻāpana; i ka wā e hoʻopiʻi ai, neʻe ka uku i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.

 

Nui nā ʻano ʻano o nā pākahi lithium-ion, e pili ana i ka mea electrode. Akā ke koho ʻoe i nā mea like ʻole, e ʻokoʻa loa ka hana pākaukau.

 

Aia nā mea electrode maikaʻi i ka Li+. ʻO ka lithium cobalt oxide maʻamau (lithium cobalt oxide), lithium manganese oxide (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo spinel a i ʻole lithium manganate), lithium iron phosphate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary material (NMC) [3] a me ka lithium nickel cobalt Aluminum oxide (NCA). Loaʻa i kēia mau mea a pau ka palena o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ka mana o ka lithium-ion ma kahi o 2000 kWh, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ʻumi manawa o ka ikehu kūikawā o kahi pānaʻi lithium-ion pāʻoihana).

 

Ke hoʻohana nei ka pākaukau lithium-ion mua o Sony i ka coke (kahi huahana lanahu) ma ke ʻano he mea electrode ʻino. Mai ka makahiki 1997, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hana pākaukau lithium-ion, me Sony, ua hoʻololi i nā mea anode i graphite, e hopena i kahi pihi hoʻokuʻu pālahalaha. ʻO ka graphite kekahi ʻano kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia i nā penikala. Hiki iā ia ke mālama pono i nā ion lithium i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana a he lōʻihi ka pōʻai a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā mea kalapona, ʻo ka graphite ka mea maʻamau, a ukali ʻia e ke kalapona paʻakikī a me ke kalapona palupalu. ʻO nā kalapona ʻē aʻe, e like me ka carbon nanotubes, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kā lākou hoʻohana pāʻoihana. Hoʻohālikelike ka kiʻi ma lalo nei i nā pihi hoʻokuʻu uila o kahi pākaukau lithium-ion hou me ka graphite e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a me ka pā lithium-ion me kahi electrode kino coke kahiko.

 

I ka hana maʻamau o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, pono i ka pākaukau ke loaʻa i ka pihi uila uila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka coke mua.

 

Ke ulu nei nā mea anode, a ke hoʻāʻo mau nei ka poʻe noiʻi me nā mea hou, e komo pū ana me nā mea hoʻohui silika. I loko o kēia huila, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻātoma kalapona ʻeono i hoʻokahi lithium-ion, a hiki i hoʻokahi ʻātoma silicon ke hoʻopaʻa i ʻehā lithium ion. 'O ia ho'i, hiki i ka electrode silicon maika'i ke mālama i nā manawa he 'umi o ka ikehu o ka mea graphite. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea silika e 20% -30% i ka mana kikoʻī ma ke kumukūʻai o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hiki a me ke ola pōʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pilikia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻonui maʻalahi ʻia nā lithium ion ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i loko o ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon (e ulu aʻe i ʻehā mau manawa o ka nui mua).

 

ʻO ka paʻakai lithium titanate nanostructured he ola pōʻaiapuni maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke hoʻouka, hana maikaʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka hana palekana hana ma ke ʻano he mea electrode pōʻino. Eia nō naʻe, he haʻahaʻa kāna hana kikoʻī, a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai.

(Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Bateri Lithium-ion mai ke ʻano o nā mea waiwai)