What is boron carbide?

Boron carbide is a black metallic glossy crystal, commonly known as black diamond, which is a kind of powder product made from boric acid as the main raw material, adding carbonaceous materials such as petroleum coke, smelting and crushing at high temperature. It belongs to superhard materials as well as diamond and cubic boron nitride.

Boron carbide is insoluble in water and organic solvents, has strong chemical stability, is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion, and does not react with almost all acid and alkali solutions. Boron carbide also has the following characteristics: large thermal neutron capture cross section, strong neutron absorption capacity, so it is called neutron absorber, semiconductor, etc.

Boron carbide Properties

Boron carbide (B4C) is grayish black and is a very hard man-made material. Its Mohs hardness is 9.3 and its microhardness is 5500~6700kg/mm2, second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride. The crystal structure of boron carbide is hexagonal crystal. The density is 2.52g/cm3. The melting point is 2450 ℃, and it decomposes and volatilizes rapidly when the temperature is higher than 2800 ℃. Its linear expansion coefficient is 4.5 × 10-6 / ℃ and its thermal conductivity is 121.42 W (m ·K) and 62.80 W / (m ·K), respectively. Its resistivity is 0.44 (20 ℃) Ω cm and 0.02 (500 ℃) Ω cm. Boron carbide is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion and is not wetted with most molten metals and has high chemical stability. Boron carbide can resist the oxidation of air at 1000 ℃, but it is easy to be oxidized above 900C in oxidizing atmosphere. Boron carbide powder has a very high grinding capacity, which is 50% higher than that of silicon carbide and 1 / 2 times higher than that of corundum. Boron carbide powder is an excellent grinding material and wear-resistant material.

What is boron carbide used for?

Boron carbide can be used as abrasive and raw material for manufacturing abrasive tools. It is suitable for grinding, polishing, drilling and other processing of all kinds of cemented carbide tools, moulds, parts, components and gemstones. Boron carbide can be made into grinding paste and polishing paste with appropriate amount of oil or water as lubricant. Boron carbide can also be used as raw material for manufacturing metal boride, boron alloy, boron steel and so on. In addition, in special needs, it can be used to manufacture boron carbide hot-pressed products as wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant components, such as nozzles, sealing rings, gyroscopes, petrochemical parts, as well as lightweight and high-strength components in military engineering and control rods of atomic reactors.

Synthesis of Boron Carbide

The industrial method of synthesizing boron carbide is to reduce boric anhydride with excess carbon. The principle is:

2B2O3+7C B4C+6CO.

The synthetic reaction can be carried out in resistance furnace or electric arc furnace. A better method is to heat the mixture of boron anhydride and carbon to prepare boron carbide in a resistance furnace at a decomposition temperature lower than that of boron carbide. The boron carbide synthesized by this method contains little free carbon and sometimes some free boron. When melting in the electric arc furnace, because the temperature of the arc is quite high, and boron carbide begins to decompose into carbon-rich phase and boron at 2200 ℃, boron will volatilize from the reaction space at high temperature, so that the final reaction product contains a lot of free carbon. The quality is poor.

The production process of arc fusion to boron carbide is shown in figure 1. Using boric acid (mass fraction > 92%), artificial graphite (mass fraction of fixed carbon > 95%) and stone coke (mass fraction of fixed carbon > 85%), the reaction formula is synthesized according to the reaction formula calculation:

4H3BO3+7C=B4C+6CO+6H2O.

Among them, 50% of artificial graphite and 50% of petroleum coke. Considering factors such as high temperature volatilization and oxidation of arc melting, the addition of boric acid is 2% higher than the calculated value, and the addition of artificial graphite and petroleum coke is 3% and 4% higher than the calculated value. After the three kinds of raw materials were uniformly mixed in the ball mill, the reduction and carbonization reaction was carried out in a single-phase double-electrode arc furnace or a three-phase arc furnace. The arc melting temperature was controlled at 1700-2300 ℃. In the smelting process, it is best to feed in batches to cover the arc to achieve closed arc smelting. After the melting, the melt is cooled on carbon black or carbon electrodes, and then the bulk is smashed into 50mm-sized pieces with a hammer. Then, according to the shape of the cross section of the fragments, the unqualified blocks of overburning and raw burning are picked out. According to experience, the cross section of the raw burning block is white or gray; the cross section of the overburned block is like graphite flake or porous melting body; all those with dense cross section similar to steel or metallurgical coke streak section or sand grain section are qualified blocks, the mass fraction of boron carbide is 94%-97%, and the mass fraction of free carbon is less than 1.5%. The qualified block is then soaked in hot water and steamed, and then washed with water to remove boric acid, boric anhydride and carbon substances adhered to it. Wash and dry the chunks and then crush them through the 2.362mm sieve. Further rough grinding and fine grinding can be carried out in a rotary ball mill or a vibrating ball mill, with shorter rough grinding time and longer fine grinding time. The iron admixture in the ball milling process can be washed and removed by hot sulfuric acid at 80 ℃. The amount of sulfuric acid is 30% of the material. The removal of iron by pickling is carried out in the pickling tank. First add the material, then add acid, then add 60 'water, stir with leaf pulp, and heat it with steam to improve the reaction speed. After pickling and soaking for 12 hours, dilute with water, aerate and stir. After holding for another 12 hours, remove the acid and rinse to neutral with water. Finally, the purified materials are sorted into different particle sizes with settling semicolons and serial washing semicolons. The settling semicolon is to divide the fine abrasive into the fine powder of W35~W40, and the series washing semicolon is to divide the coarse abrasive into the coarse particles of W4012000.The sedimentation semicolon is the fine abrasive powder which is divided into fine abrasive powder and water washing semicolon. If the coarse particles are further classified, 120 particles can be divided into 100, 80, 70, 60 and more coarse particles by screening method.

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Silicon carbide Properties and Uses

Before the invention of boron carbide in 1929, silicon carbide was the hardest synthetic material known. It has a Morse hardness of 9, close to diamonds.

In addition to hardness, silicon carbide crystals also have fracture properties, which makes them useful in grinding wheels as well as in sandpaper and cloth products.

Its high thermal conductivity, coupled with its high-temperature strength, low thermal expansion and chemical resistance, make silicon carbide valuable in the manufacture of high-temperature bricks and other refractories.

It is also classified as a semiconductor with electrical conductivity between metal and insulating materials. The combination of this property and its thermal properties makes SiC a promising substitute for traditional semiconductors such as silicon in high temperature applications.

The discovery of silicon carbide

Silicon carbide was developed by American inventor Edward G. Acheson was in 1891. In trying to make rhinestones, Acheson heated a mixture of clay and coke powder in an iron bowl, using iron bowls and ordinary carbon arc lamps as electrodes. He found bright green crystals attached to carbon electrodes and thought he had prepared some new compounds of carbon and alumina from clay. He calls the new compound silicon carbide because the natural mineral form of alumina is called corundum. Finding the crystal close to the hardness of a diamond and immediately realizing the importance of his discovery, Acheson applied for a US patent. His early products were originally used to polish gems and cost as much as natural diamond powder. This new compound can be obtained from cheap raw materials and has a high yield, so it will soon become an important industrial abrasive.

Around the time Acheson discovered Henry, French Moissan produced a similar compound from a mixture of quartz and carbon. But in a 1903 publication, Mosang attributed the initial discovery to Acheson. Some natural silicon carbide has been found in the Canyon Dark meteorite in Arizona. Its mineralogical name is Mozamite.

Modern manufacturing

The modern silicon carbide manufacturing methods used in the abrasive, metallurgical and refractory industries are basically the same as those developed by Acheson. The mixture of pure silica sand and carbon is formed around the carbon conductor in the brick resistance furnace in the form of fine crushed coke. The electric current passes through the conductor and causes a chemical reaction. The carbon in the coke combines with the silicon in the sand to form silicon carbide and carbon monoxide gas. A furnace operation may last several days, during which the core temperature ranges from 2200 °to 2700 °C (4000 °to 4900 °F) to approximately 1400 °C (2500 °F) at the outer edge. Energy consumption exceeds 100000 kilowatt-hours per operation. At the end of the operation, the product consists of loosely woven green to black SiC crystal cores surrounded by some or all of the unconverted raw materials. Bulk aggregates are crushed, ground and screened into various sizes suitable for end-use.

For special applications, silicon carbide is produced through a variety of advanced processes. Reaction-bonded silicon carbide mixes silicon carbide powder with carbon powder and plasticizer, forms the mixture into the desired shape, burns the plasticizer, and then injects gaseous or molten silicon into the fired object, which reacts with carbon to form additional silicon carbide. The wear-resistant layer of silicon carbide can be formed by chemical vapor deposition, which is a process in which volatile compounds containing carbon and silicon react at high temperature in the presence of hydrogen. For advanced electronic applications, large SiC single crystals can be grown from steam; the ingots can then be cut into wafers that resemble silicon, which can be used to make solid-state devices. For reinforced metals or other ceramics, SiC fibers can be formed in a variety of ways, including chemical vapor deposition and firing of silicon-containing polymer fibers.

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Various crystal forms of alumina (α, β, γ, δ, θ, etc.) have been found, among which γ-Al2O3 is also called active alumina.

Because of its large specific surface area, rich pore structure, good adsorption performance and good surface acidity, γ-Al2O3 is widely used as catalyst and catalyst carrier, adsorbent and dehydrating agent in various industries, automobile exhaust purifier and so on. For supported catalysts, high specific surface area and high thermal stability are favorable for loading more metal active components to prepare catalysts with better activity, selectivity and stability. On the other hand, the γ-alumina material with large pore volume can be obtained with proper pore size distribution, which can dredge the reaction and product transfer when it involves liquid reaction, macromolecular reaction and so on. it is of great significance to improve the conversion of reactants to target products.

γ-alumina and η-alumina are called activated alumina, which are typical dehydration catalysts.

For example, alcohols catalyze dehydration to olefins, ammonia and methanol or ethanol undergo intermolecular dehydration to produce methylamine or ethylamine. γ-Al2O3 is tetragonal, η-AI2O3 is cubic, and their lattice is similar to spinel structure. In industry, sodium metaaluminate is transformed into sodium metaaluminate by the reaction of aluminum hydroxide and alkali, acidified into pH > 7, converted into pseudo-boehmite at 20 ℃, and then adjusted to pH > 12 at 20 ℃ to obtain gibbsite. After heating up to 80 ℃, boehmite is transformed into boehmite, which is converted into γ-AI2O3 after calcination at 450C. In addition to being used as dehydration catalysts, γ-AI2O3 and η-AI2O3 can also be used as acidic carriers of bifunctional catalysts. There are stereotyped products in China.

γ-alumina is a nanometer material obtained by calcining aluminum hydroxide at 550 ℃ to 800 ℃. It is also called active alumina in industry, and its molecular formula is γ-Al2O3, which is a white powder solid. It has the advantages of porosity, high specific surface area, good thermal stability, moderate surface acidity and basicity and low cost, so it is often used as hydrogenation catalyst carrier.

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What is silicon dioxide?

Silicon dioxide is the most abundant mineral in the earth's crust. It is found on all continents in forms ranging from fine powders to huge rock crystals.

Silicon dioxide properties

Silicon dioxide is a crystalline solid at room temperature. The pure silica is white and the density is 2.2g/cm3. It consists of one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms; the atoms are tightly bound together, making it resistant to many irritating chemicals. In nature, silica occurs in the form of sand or quartz crystals, which is relatively hard compared with most minerals. Silica has a strong heat resistance, with a melting point of 1650℃ (3000 degrees Fahrenheit).

What is silicon dioxide used for?

Silicon dioxide is used in many different ways. One of the most common uses is to make glass, an overheated and pressurized silica. It is also made for toothpaste. Because of its hardness, it helps to remove plaque from teeth. It is also a major ingredient in cement and used as an insecticide. Silica gel is a food additive and desiccant that helps to absorb water.

Is silicon dioxide harmful to humans?

Although silica is largely harmless, it poses health risks when inhaled. In powder form, small particles of minerals remain in the esophagus and lungs. It does not dissolve in the body over time, so it accumulates and stimulates sensitive tissue. One of these conditions, called silicosis, causes shortness of breath, fever and cough, and causes the skin to turn blue. Other diseases include bronchitis, with few cancers.

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Zinc oxide is the most important inorganic active agent in rubber industry. Adding rubber particles can not only accelerate the curing rate, but also improve the cross-linking degree. It has active effect on thiazoles, sulfonamides, guanidine and thiuram vulcanization accelerators. It is widely used for all kinds of rubber products, especially for transparent rubber products and products that touch food materials. Zinc oxide is an active agent of natural rubber latex.

50% of industrially produced zinc oxide flows into the rubber industry. As the key products of rubber vulcanization, zinc oxide and stearic acid are one of the raw materials for rubber production. The mixture of zinc oxide and stearic acid improved the curing degree of rubber.

Zinc oxide is the main additive of tires. In addition to vulcanization, zinc oxide can further improve the thermal conductivity of rubber, which is conducive to the heat removal of tires and ensure safe driving. Zinc oxide additives thus prevent the corrosion of rubber by mold microorganisms or ultraviolet light. Zinc oxide used in rubber automobile manufacturing (high-end gray-black and dark brown rubber tyres, radial tires) can improve thermal conductivity, wear resistance, wear resistance, tensile strength and so on.

As a hardening agent of rubber, active zinc oxide can make rubber have excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, ductility and elongation.

The vulcanization accelerator used in rubber vulcanization process is a multi-purpose rubber compounding agent, which is mainly used as vulcanizing active agent and hardening agent of natural rubber, rubber and latex.

As a vulcanizing active agent, it is dispersed evenly in plastic materials, has a large contact area with hydrogen sulfide, and has a relatively large chance to reflect on the page. in addition, this active zinc oxide commodity has the function of co-catalytic reaction of active substances. the conversion rate of zinc oxide to zinc sulfide is high.

As a vulcanization oxide, its function is to improve the activity of vulcanization accelerator, reduce the usage of vulcanization accelerator and reduce the curing cycle time.

It can accelerate the curing rate, improve the heat transfer of vulcanizate and make the vulcanization more complete. In the rubber field, especially in the production of fully transparent rubber products, active zinc oxide is an excellent vulcanizing active agent. The role of zinc oxide in the formation of rubber: as an active agent, vulcanization accelerator and hardening agent, and has the role of coloring. Promoting the vulcanization, activity, reinforcement and anti-aging of rubber can improve the whole vulcanization process and improve the tear resistance and wear resistance of rubber products.

The role of zinc oxide in pure natural rubber: as a vulcanization active agent, it can promote the vulcanization, activity, reinforcement and anti-aging of rubber, which can improve the whole curing process and tear resistance and wear resistance of rubber products.

The role of zinc oxide in natural latex mattresses: as an active agent, it can promote the vulcanization, activity, reinforcement and anti-aging of rubber, which can improve the whole curing process and tear resistance and wear resistance of rubber products.

The role of zinc oxide in white latex: as an additive and filler.

The role of zinc oxide in neoprene: as a vulcanizing agent and a coordinating agent to improve thermal conductivity. 8 the role of zinc oxide in the machinery manufacturing industry (rubber shoes, water boots, rubber gloves and other labor protection products): enhance wear resistance and anti-aging, increase the service life.

The role of zinc oxide in transparent rubber and food rubber products: an essential inorganic active agent.

The role of zinc oxide in permeable and transparent color rubber: as a vulcanizing agent.

The role of zinc oxide in fully transparent or colored plate rubber products: it has the irreplaceable role of traditional active agents such as carbon black.

Zinc oxide Price

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Electronic packaging materials

When the SiO2 nanoparticles after surface active treatment is fully dispersed in the silicone modified epoxy resin packaging adhesive matrix, the curing time of the packaging material can be greatly shortened (2.0-2.5h), and the curing temperature can be reduced to room temperature. The sealing performance of the device is significantly improved and the service life of the device is increased.

Resin composites

Fully and uniformly dispersed SiO2 nanoparticles particles into resin materials can comprehensively improve the properties of resin-based materials, including increasing strength and elongation, improving wear resistance and surface finish, and anti-aging properties.

Plastics

The use of SiO2 nanoparticles with light transmittance and small particle size can make the plastic become denser. The transparency, strength, toughness, waterproof and aging resistance of the polystyrene plastic film can be improved by adding silica. The common plastic polypropylene was modified by SiO2 nanoparticles, and its main technical indexes (water absorption, insulation resistance, compression residual deformation, flexural strength, etc.) reached or exceeded the performance index of engineering plastic nylon 6.

Paint

It can improve the poor suspension stability, thixotropy, weather resistance and scrubbing resistance of the coating, greatly improve the bonding strength between the film and the wall, increase the hardness of the film, and improve the surface self-cleaning ability.

Rubber

Silica is known as silica. After adding a small amount of nano-SiO2 to ordinary rubber, the strength, wear resistance and aging resistance of the products reach or exceed those of high-grade rubber products, and the color can remain unchanged for a long time.

Pigment (dyeing) material

By adding nano SiO2 to the surface modification of organic dye, not only the aging resistance of organic dye is greatly improved, but also the brightness, hue and saturation are improved to some extent, which greatly broadens the grade and application range of organic dye.

Ceramics

Using nano silica instead of nano Al2O3 can not only play the role of nano-particles, but also the second phase particles, which can improve the strength, toughness, hardness and elastic modulus of ceramic materials. Using nano-SiO2 to composite ceramic substrate can improve the compactness, toughness and finish of the substrate, and greatly reduce the sintering temperature.

Sealants and binders

With the addition of nano-SiO2, a layer of organic material on its surface forms a network structure and a silica structure, which can restrain the flow of colloid, accelerate the curing speed, improve the bonding effect, and increase the tightness and impermeability of the product.

FRP products

The grafting and bonding of nanoparticles with organic polymers increase the toughness, tensile strength, impact strength and heat resistance of the materials.

Drug carriers

Using nano-SiO2 as carrier can have a good sustained release effect.

Cosmetics

Nano-SiO2 is an inorganic component, easy to be compatible with other components of cosmetics, non-toxic, tasteless, white itself, strong UV reflection ability, good stability, no decomposition, no discoloration, and no chemical reaction with other components in the formula, which lays a good foundation for the upgrading of sunscreen cosmetics.

Antibacterial materials

Taking advantage of the huge specific surface area, surface multi-pore structure, strong adsorption capacity and strange physical and chemical properties of nano-SiO2, silver ions and other functional ions were uniformly designed into the mesoporous surface of nano-SiOX, and high-efficiency, long-lasting, high-temperature resistant and broad-spectrum antibacterial nano-powders were developed, which can be widely used in bills, medical and health, chemical building materials, household appliances, functional fibers, plastic products and other industries.

Silica Nanoparticles Price

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What is Ti4O7?

Ti4O7 is also known as Tilox Black, titanium black, titan black, magneli phase. Black powder. Magneli phase Titanium oxide is a kind of active electrode material with good blackness. Magneli phase Titanium oxide can protect the poles of the battery and can be used as bipolar battery material and LED black matrix material.

Magneli phase Titanium oxide is the first black titanium oxide in the world, which shows a variety of unique physical properties. Through the modification of titanium dioxide, Magneli phase Titanium oxide has smaller particle size and higher hiding power.

Ti4O7 Properties

In terms of physical properties, Magneli phase titanium oxide has good electrical conductivity at room temperature. Ti4O7, in particular, has the best electrical conductivity, and its single crystal conductivity is 1500Scm-1. Its bulk density is 3.15g/cm3-3.18g/cm3.

In terms of chemical properties, Magneli phase titanium oxide material, compared with general industrial electrode materials, has high chemical stability and corrosion resistance. It has been documented that the static corrosion rate of titanium oxide in Magneli phase is only 0.019g/m2/day in H2SO4 at 50 °C and 42% concentration. On the other hand, Magneli phase titanium oxide has good electrochemical performance. The experimental results show that when the working current is controlled at 5-20mA/cm2 at room temperature, the material can be used as both positive and negative electrode for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution, and the overpotential of hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution is very high, such as in 1m H2SO4 and at medium current density at room temperature, the oxygen evolution potential can be as high as 5 volts.

Ti4O7 is a kind of new energy functional material with strong activity.

The crystal structure of titanium suboxide is a mixture of sodium chloride cubic crystal and rutile square crystal.

Like iron black, Ti4O7 is also a non-toxic pigment.

Ti4O7 has excellent hiding power, dispersibility, heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and solvent resistance of titanium dioxide pigment.

Ti4O7 has high thermal stability and good dispersion in water and resin.

Titanium suboxide is a kind of pure inorganic functional material with blackness. Titanium suboxide material is environmentally friendly and non-toxic, meets food-grade safety standards, does not harm the skin, and meets the needs of the development of low-carbon economy.

Ti4O7 as photocatalyst can be widely used in electronic energy storage industry.

There are two types of Ti4O7, which are used as energy storage materials. Titanium suboxide is a kind of electrode material.

High insulating titanium black has also been successfully developed.

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Nanomaterials are widely used in cosmetics because of their unique optical, thermal and electromagnetic properties. Nanomaterials can be used to improve the sensory effect and stability of cosmetics. For example, nanometer zinc oxide and titanium dioxide can not only make cosmetics feel better, apply more evenly, but also provide better sunscreen. Similarly, the nano-silver material has a better antibacterial spectrum than its macroscopic particles.

Which Nanomaterials are used in cosmetics?

Nano silver

Since 2002, South Korea has successfully used nano-silver in cosmetics, filling the gap in the nano-silver cosmetics industry. The emergence of nano-silver cosmetics has attracted the attention of many people. It not only has the function of makeup. At the same time, it also plays an antibacterial role to reduce the damage of external bacteria to human skin.

Silver nanoparticles kill bacteria by destroying the cell wall of bacteria, and their antibacterial activity depends on the size of the particles. Smaller particles have better effect. Silver nanoparticles show potential antibacterial effect on infectious microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc.).

Titanium dioxide Nanoparticles

Because of its small particle size and high activity, nanometer titanium dioxide can not only reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays, but also absorb ultraviolet rays, so it has stronger barrier ability to ultraviolet rays. Compared with some organic UV protective agents of the same dose, nano-titanium dioxide has a higher absorption peak in the UV region, and what is more valuable is that it is also a broad-spectrum shielding agent, unlike organic UV protective agents, which only absorb UVA or UVB. It can also pass through visible light, unlike paint-grade TiO2 which cannot pass through visible light.

Zinc oxide Nanoparticles

Ultraviolet rays in sunlight can be divided into UVA (320mm-400mm), UVB (290mm-320mm) and UVC (200mm-290mm) according to their wavelengths. UVB is the main source of burns, indirect pigmentation and skin cancer. UVA has strong penetration and accumulation. Although most of UVC is absorbed by the ozone layer, the damage caused to human beings can not be ignored because of its short wave length, high energy and increasing destruction of the ozone layer.

When nanometer zinc oxide is added to sunscreen cosmetics, it can first provide effective protection against UVA and UVB. Secondly, nanometer zinc oxide has excellent dispersion and transparency, and third, it is safe and non-irritating. Fourth, it has good light stability.

Silicon dioxide Nanoparticles

Nano silicon dioxide has an emission effect on ultraviolet rays, which belongs to inorganic components, and is well integrated without any repulsion, and its own non-toxic, tasteless and white powder can be simply colored. It plays an important role in the development of UV-resistant products, and its price is also very good.

Alumina Nanoparticles

Nano alumina has infrared absorption properties, and it has a good absorption effect on 80 nm ultraviolet, so it can be used as an additive or filler.

Nanomaterials Price

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Nanomaterials Supplier

RBOSCHCO is a trusted global chemical material supplier&manufacturer with over 12-year-experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and nanomaterials. The company export to many countries including the USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Turkey, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, etc.

As a leading nanotechnology development manufacturer, RBOSCHCO dominates the market. Our professional work team provides perfect solutions to help improve the efficiency of various industries, create value, and easily cope with various challenges.

If you are looking for nanomaterial, please send an email. (sales1@rboschco.com)