Aerogel: Chifukwa Chiyani Imatchedwa "Utsi Wamphamvu"?

1. Ponena za Airgel

1.1 Kodi Aerogel ndi chiyani?

Airgel , yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "chinthu cholimba chopepuka kwambiri mumlengalenga," ndi chinthu chapamwamba chomwe chimalimbana ndi ziyembekezo zachikhalidwe za kuchulukana ndi kulimba. Chochokera ku mawu achi Greek aero (mpweya) ndi gel (gel), chinthu chowala ichi, chopepuka kwambiri ndi netiweki ya magawo atatu ya ma nanoscale pores odzaza ndi mpweya. Kapangidwe kake kapadera kamaphatikiza kulimba kwa chinthu cholimba ndi makulidwe ochepa a mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chodabwitsa kwambiri pa kafukufuku wamakono wa sayansi. Airgel idapangidwa koyamba mu 1931 ndi Dr. Samuel Kistler kudzera mu njira yatsopano yotchedwa supercritical drying. Njirayi imachotsa madzi kuchokera mu gel pomwe ikusunga kapangidwe kake kovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthucho chikhale ndi mpweya wa 90-99.8%. Masiku ano, airgel yasanduka mwala wofunikira kwambiri pakukula, ndi ntchito zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito popita ku ndege, mphamvu, ndi zatsopano zachilengedwe.

1.2 Makhalidwe Athupi ndi Amankhwala a Airgel

Nyumba zodabwitsa za airgel zimachokera ku nanostructure yake. Nazi zina mwazofunikira zake:

Kunenepa Kwambiri: Ndi makulidwe ochepera 0.001 g/cm TATU, airgel ndi yopepuka nthawi 1,000 kuposa galasi.

Kuchuluka kwa Porosity: Kukula kwa pore yake kumayambira pa nanometer imodzi mpaka 100, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ake akhale aakulu (mpaka mamita 3,000 AWIRI/g).

Kuteteza Kutentha Kwabwino Kwambiri: Mphamvu ya Airgel yotenthetsera kutentha ndi yotsika kufika pa 0.012 W/m · K, yoposa ma vacuum insulation panels.

Mphamvu ya Makina: Ngakhale kuti imawoneka yosalimba, airgel imakhala yolimba kwambiri ikapanikizika, ndipo mitundu ina imatha kupirira kutentha kwa pafupifupi 1,200 °C. Chitetezo cha Mankhwala: Potengera kapangidwe kake (monga silika, kaboni, kapena polima), airgel imatha kupirira dzimbiri, kuwala kwa UV, ndi madigiri a pH okwera kwambiri.

Malo okhala kapena malonda awa amapangitsa airgel kukhala osintha masewera m'mafakitale omwe amafuna zinthu zopepuka, zolimba, komanso zogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Name mankhwala	Airgel
mtundu	White
Brand	Trunnano
Maonekedwe	Chokhazikika
Melting Point	1300 ° C
Malo otentha	2230 ° C

1.3 Ndendende Kodi Airgel Amapangidwa Bwanji?

Kupanga kwa airgel kumaphatikizapo kusamalitsa kaphatikizidwe ka sol-gel ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuyanika kwakukulu. Pansipa pali zovuta zina:

Kukula kwa SolGel: Choyambitsa madzi (monga tetramethyl orthosilicate ya silica aerogel) chimasakanizidwa ndi choyambitsa kuti apange sol - colloidal suspension ya nanoparticles.

Gelation: Madziwo amasinthidwa kukhala gel kudzera mu polymerization, ndikupanga gel yonyowa yokhala ndi kapangidwe kofanana ndi siponji.

Kuumitsa Koopsa Kwambiri: Gel imayikidwa m'chipinda chopanikizika kwambiri ndipo imatenthedwa mpaka pamalo ofunikira pomwe magawo amadzimadzi ndi mpweya zimalumikizana. Izi zimachotsa kupsinjika kwa malo a pamwamba, kuteteza chimango cha gel pamene ikuchotsa madzi.

Njira zotsogola monga kuyanika kwapakatikati ndi kuumitsa kozizira zatulukiranso, kutsitsa ndalama komanso kukulitsa scalability.

2. Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Airgel

2.1 Ubwino wa Airgel

Nyumba zapadera za Aerogel zimapereka maubwino osinthika m'magawo onse.

Kuteteza Zinthu Zapadera: Kutsika kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri posungira zinthu zobisika, zotchinga kutentha kwa ndege, komanso nyumba zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

Kalembedwe Kopepuka: Airgel imalola zinthu zopepuka popanda kuwononga mphamvu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa makampani opanga ndege ndi magalimoto.

Ubwino wa Zachilengedwe: Pomanga nyumba ndi zomangamanga, airgel imachepetsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi zokhazikika.

Kusinthasintha: Kuyambira njira zoperekera mankhwala achipatala mpaka zipangizo zotetezera mawu, kusinthasintha kwa airgel n'koposa.

Kukana Moto: Ma airgel okhala ndi kaboni amatha kupirira kutentha kopitilira 1,000 °C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha moto m'mabatire ndi m'mafakitale.

2.2 Zoyipa za Airgel

Mosasamala kanthu za kunyezimira kwake, airgel ilibe zopinga:

Ndalama Zokwera Zopangira: Njira yowumitsa yofunikira kwambiri imafuna zida zapadera, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga zinthu zambiri.

Kusalimba: Ma airgel wamba amakhala ofooka ndipo amatha kusweka mosavuta chifukwa cha nkhawa komanso nkhawa, ngakhale kuti ma polima aposachedwapa akuchepetsa vutoli.

Kusamalira Zovuta: Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kakang'ono, airgel iyenera kusamalidwa m'malo olamulidwa kuti isaipitsidwe ndi fumbi.

Kulowa M'misika: Ngakhale kuti kufunika kukukulirakulira, chidziwitso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zikupitirirabe kukula.

Komabe, kafukufuku wopitilira ndi chitukuko akuthetsa zoperewerazi pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikuyambitsa malonda ambiri.

3. N'chifukwa chiyani Airgel Amatchedwa "Utsi Wolimba"?

Dzina lakuti "utsi wamphamvu" limakwirira tanthauzo la mumlengalenga la aerogel. Tangoganizani atanyamula chinthu chopepuka kwambiri kuti chiwoneke ngati sichingagwirizane ndi mphamvu yokoka, koma cholimba mokwanira kuteteza chombo ku mlengalenga. Chododometsa ichi ndi mtima wa chizindikiritso cha aerogel.

Mawuwa amachokera ku mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso omvera.

Kumveka Bwino: Ma airgel angapo amaoneka ngati buluu wopepuka kapena mdima wachikasu wofiirira, wofanana ndi utsi womwe watsekeredwa mu matrix yolimba.

Zomwe zili pa intaneti: Zoposa 90% ya voliyumu yake ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosaoneka bwino.

Kuchuluka: Pa 0.001 g/cm³, ndi yokhuthala kuposa mpweya, ngakhale kuti ndi yopepuka kuposa madzi, chinthu chofanana ndi kulimbitsa mtambo.

Uwiriwu - kukhala chinthu komanso lingaliro - wadzetsa chidwi ndi chidwi. Cholinga cha NASA cha Stardust chinagwiritsa ntchito silica airgel kuti igwire fumbi la cosmic pa hypervelocities, umboni wa kuthekera kwake "kotchera" ephemeral.

4. Ntchito za Aerogel: Zodabwitsa Zambiri

4.1 Zamlengalenga ndi Chitetezo

Airgel ndi mwala wapangodya wotsogolera ulendo. The Stardust spacecraft idagwiritsa ntchito kusonkhanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, pomwe James Webb Space Telescope imagwiritsa ntchito kutchinjiriza kwa airgel kuteteza kutentha kwa cryogenic. Podzitchinjiriza, imateteza zida zankhondo kumavuto akulu.

4.2 Mphamvu ndi Kukhazikika

Muzinthu zongowonjezedwanso, airgel imathandizira magwiridwe antchito a solar pochepetsa kutaya kutentha. Kwa mabatire, imayimitsa kuthawa kwamafuta m'maselo a lithiumion, kusamala kofunikira pamalori amagetsi (EVs). LG Chemical's Nexula ™ TB yasintha kale kutsekereza kwa batri ya EV, kupanga chitetezo china ngakhale pamoto.

4.3 Kumanga ndi Kupanga

Makanema opangira ma aerogel amatanthauziranso kamangidwe kake. Maakaunti awo a ultrathin ndi ma Rvalues amtengo wapatali amapangitsa kuti opanga azitha kupanga zopangira zopatsa mphamvu, zokometsera. M’malo ozizira, amapewa kutentha, pamene m’madera otentha, amalepheretsa kuwala kwa dzuwa.

4.4 Zothetsera Zachilengedwe ndi Zamakampani

Kuchokera pakuyeretsa mafuta otayika (pogwiritsa ntchito hydrophobic aerogel) mpaka kugwidwa kwa kaboni (kudzera porous airgel adsorbents), ntchito zake zachilengedwe zimakhala zazikulu. M'makampani, imateteza mapaipi, imachepetsa phokoso pamakina, komanso imasefa poizoni m'madzi otayira.

4.5 Katundu Wokhazikika Ndi Chithandizo Chamankhwala

Onani m'maganizo mwanu jekete lachisanu lomwe lili ndi mizere ya airgel yomwe imakupangitsani kutentha mu 50 °C popanda zambiri. Kapena nsalu zanzeru zomwe zimayikidwa ndi masensa a airgel kuti aziwunika zenizeni zenizeni. Muzamankhwala, malo okwera a aerogel amapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa machitidwe operekera mankhwala ndi mabala.

4.6 Lingaliro lomaliza: Kusintha kwa Airgel

Airgel si chinthu chokha - ndikusintha kokhazikika. Kukhoza kwake kuphatikiza zovuta (zopepuka ndi zolimba) ndi zothandiza (zokhazikika komanso zosunthika) zimayika ngati maziko a chitukuko chamtsogolo. Ngakhale zovuta zikupitilira, kuchuluka kosalekeza kwa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko kumatsimikizira kuthekera kwake kuzindikirika kwathunthu.

Kwa mabungwe omwe akuyang'ana kuti atsogolere pakukhazikika, kuchita bwino, komanso luso lamakono lamakono, airgel si njira chabe - ndizotheka. Landirani "utsi wamphamvu," ndikulowera m'tsogolo momwe malire amathandizira, ndipo mwayi ukukulirakulira.

Wogulitsa

RBOSCHCO ndi kampani yodalirika padziko lonse lapansi yopereka ndi kupanga ma airgel yokhala ndi zaka zoposa 12 zokumana nazo popereka mankhwala ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba kwambiri. Kampaniyo imatumiza kumayiko ambiri, monga USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Turkey, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal ndi zina zotero. Monga kampani yotsogola yopanga ma nanotechnology, RBOSCHCO imalamulira msika. Gulu lathu la akatswiri limapereka mayankho abwino kwambiri kuti lithandize kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kupanga phindu, komanso kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana mosavuta. Ngati mukufuna aerogel , chonde tumizani imelo ku: [email protected]

Ma tag: airgel yogulitsa , silica airgel , graphene airgel

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