Kurongeka kweLithium-ion Mabhatiri Kubva Pakuona Kwezvinhu

(Kupatsanurwa kweLithium-ion Mabhatiri Kubva Pakuona Kwezvinhu)

Zvakafanana nemabhatiri e-lead-based uye nickel-based, lithium ions inoshandisa electrode yakanaka (cathode), electrode yakaipa (anode), uye electrolyte se conductor. Iyo yakanaka waya isimbi oxide, uye iyo yakaipa electrode inoumbwa ne porous graphite. Panguva yekubuda, lithiamu ions inofamba kubva kune electrode yakaipa kusvika kune yakanaka electrode kuburikidza ne electrolyte uye separator; panguva yekuchaja, lithium ions inoyerera ichibva kune yakanaka electrode kuenda kune negative electrode munzira dzakapesana.

 

Apo bhatiri rinotengeswa uye rinobudiswa, Li + shuttles pakati pemagetsi akanaka uye asina kunaka, panguva yekubuda, anode oxidizes, inorasikirwa nemagetsi, uye cathode inoderedzwa kuti iwane zvikamu; kana uchichaja, chaji inofamba ichienda kune rumwe rutivi.

 

Kune marudzi akawanda emabhatiri e-lithium-ion, zvichienderana nemagetsi e electrode. Asi kana ukasarudza zvinhu zvakasiyana, kushanda kwebhatiri kuchasiyana zvakanyanya.

 

Izvo zvakanaka electrode zvinhu zvese zvine Li +. Kazhinji lithium cobalt oxide (lithium cobalt oxide), lithium manganese oxide (inozivikanwawo se spinel kana lithium manganate), lithium iron phosphate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary material (NMC) [3] uye lithium nickel cobalt Aluminium oxide (NCA). Zvose zvezvinhu izvi zvine chirevo chepamusoro chesimba rinogumira (lithium-ion ine simba re theoretical rinosvika 2000 kWh, iyo inodarika kagumi simba rakananga rekutengesa lithium-ion bhatiri).

 

Sony yekutanga lithium-ion bhatiri inoshandisa coke (chigadzirwa chemarasha) sechinhu chinokuvadza che electrode. Kubva 1997, vazhinji vanogadzira mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, kusanganisira Sony, vakashandura anode zvinhu kuita graphite, zvichiita kuti pave ne flat discharge curve. Graphite imhando yekabhoni inoshandiswa mumapenzura. Inogona kuchengeta lithium ions zvakanaka panguva yekuchaja uye ine kutenderera kwakareba uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya. Pazvinhu zvekabhoni, graphite ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda, inoteverwa nekabhoni yakaoma uye yakapfava kabhoni. Mamwe makabhoni, akadai secarbon nanotubes, haasati awana kushandiswa kwawo kwekutengesa. Nhamba iri pasi apa inoenzanisa magetsi ekubuda kwemagetsi emazuva ano e-lithium-ion bhatiri ine graphite se electrode yakaipa uye lithiamu-ion bhatiri ine yekare coke negative electrode.

 

Mune yakajairika yekushanda discharge range, bhatiri rinofanira kuva neflat voltage curve, iri nani pane yaimbova coke.

 

Anode zvinhu zviri kubuda zvakare, uye vaongorori vari kuramba vachiyedza nezvinhu zvitsva, zvinosanganisira silicon-based alloys. Mune alloy iyi, maatomu ecarbon matanhatu anosungirirwa kune rimwe lithium-ion, uye atomu imwe yesilicon inogona kusunga maion lithium. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo yakaipa silicon electrode inogona kuchengetedza zvakapetwa kagumi simba reiyo graphite zvinhu. Parizvino, silicon zvinhu zvakawedzera ne 20% -30% mune chaiyo huwandu pamutengo wekudzikisa mutoro uye hupenyu hwekutenderera. Zvisinei, dambudziko nderekuti panguva yekuchaja, lithium ions inowedzerwa nyore muhuwandu mushure mekuiswa mu-silicon-based material (inokura kusvika kanopfuura kane saizi yekutanga).

 

Iyo nanostructured lithium titanate munyu ine yakanaka kutenderera hupenyu uye mutoro wekuremedza, yakanakisa yakaderera-yekushisa kuita, uye inoshanda kuchengetedza kuita sechinhu chinokuvadza che electrode. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa rayo chairo rakaderera, uye mari yacho yakakwirira.

(Kupatsanurwa kweLithium-ion Mabhatiri Kubva Pakuona Kwezvinhu)