I-Aerogel: Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba "ngumsi onamandla"?

1. Ngokuphathelele Airgel

1.1 Yintoni iAerogel?

I-Airgel , edla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yeyona nto iqinileyo ilula kwindawo enzulu," yi-nanomaterial ephucukileyo echasayo ulindelo oluqhelekileyo loxinano kunye nokuqina. Ivela kumagama esiGrike athi aero (umoya) kunye ne-gel (ijeli), le nto ikhanyayo, ilula kakhulu yinethiwekhi enamacala amathathu yee-nanoscale pores ezigcwele umoya. Isakhelo sayo esikhethekileyo sidibanisa ukuqina kwento eqinileyo enobukhulu obuphantsi begesi, okwenza ibe ngummangaliso wophando lwesayensi lwezinto zanamhlanje. I-Aerogel yaqala ukwenziwa ngo-1931 nguGqr. Samuel Kistler ngenkqubo entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-supercritical drying. Le ndlela isusa ulwelo kwijeli ngelixa igcina isakhiwo sayo esintsonkothileyo, nto leyo ephumela kwinto enomoya ongama-90-99.8%. Namhlanje, i-aerogel iguqukele ekubeni yisiseko sophuhliso, kunye nezicelo ezifikelela kwi-aerospace, amandla, kunye nophuhliso lokusingqongileyo.

1.2 Iimpawu zoMzimba kunye nezeMichiza ye-Airgel

Amakhaya amangalisayo e-airgel avela kwi-nanostructure yayo. Nazi iimpawu zayo ezininzi ezibalulayo:

Ubukhulu obuphantsi kakhulu: Ngobukhulu obuncitshisiweyo njenge-0.001 g/cm NGOBUTHATHU, i-aerogel ikhaphukhaphu ngokuphindwe kayi-1,000 kuneglasi.

I-Porosity Ephakamileyo: Ubungakanani be-pore yayo buqala kwi-1 ukuya kwi-100 nanometers, nto leyo evelisa indawo enkulu (efikelela kwi-3,000 m EZIMBINI/g).

Ukufakwa kobushushu okugqwesileyo: Ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwe-Airgel kuphantsi njenge-0.012 W/m · K, kudlula neepaneli zokufakwa kobushushu ze-vacuum.

Ukuqina KweeMechanical: Nangona ikhangeleka ibuthathaka, i-aerogel ibonisa ukuqina okumangalisayo phantsi koxinzelelo, kwaye ezinye iinguqulelo zisebenza kakuhle ekumelaneni namaqondo obushushu amalunga ne-1,200 °C. Ukhuseleko Lweekhemikhali: Ixhomekeke kwisakhiwo sayo (umz., i-silica, i-carbon, okanye i-polymeric), i-aerogel inokumelana nokugqwala, imitha ye-UV, kunye namaqondo e-pH aphezulu.

Ezi zakhiwo zokuhlala okanye zorhwebo zenza i-airgel itshintshe umdlalo kumashishini afuna izinto ezikhaphukhaphu, ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.

Igama lemveliso	I-Airgel
umbala	Mhlophe
uhlobo	Trunnano
Kubonakala	Kuqinile
Indawo yokunyibilika	1300 ° C
Point yo kubilisa	2230 ° C

1.3 Yenziwa Njani I-Airgel?

Imveliso ye-airgel iquka inkqubo enonyameko ye-sol-gel synthesis elandelwa kukomisa okuphezulu. Apha ngezantsi ukungasebenzi kakuhle okwenziwe lula:

Uphuhliso lweSolGel: I-fluid precursor (umz., i-tetramethyl orthosilicate ye-silica aerogel) ixutywa nesikhuthazi ukuze kuphuhliswe i-sol– i-colloidal suspension yee-nanoparticles.

I-Gelation: I-sol iguqulwa ibe yijeli ngokusebenzisa i-polymerization, iphuhlisa ijeli emanzi enesakhiwo esifana nesiponji.

Ukomisa okungaphezulu kokubalulekileyo: Ijeli ifakwa kwigumbi elinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye ifudunyezwe ukuya kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo apho izigaba zolwelo kunye negesi zidibana khona. Oku kususa uxinzelelo lwendawo yomphezulu, kukhusela ulwakhiwo lwejeli ngelixa kususwa ulwelo.

Iindlela eziphucukileyo ezifana nokomisa koxinzelelo lwe-ambient kunye nokomisa-ngumkhenkce ziye zavela, ukwehlisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukuqina.

2. Izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwe-Airgel

2.1 Izibonelelo ze-Airgel

Amakhaya awodwa e-Aerogel abonelela ngeengenelo zenguqu kumacandelo onke.

Ukufakwa kobushushu obumangalisayo: Ukuhanjiswa kwayo kobushushu obuphantsi kwenza ukuba ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokugcina izinto ezirhabaxa, umqobo wobushushu beenqwelo-moya, kunye nezakhiwo ezisebenzisa amandla kancinci.

Isitayile esiKhaphukhaphu: I-Airgel ivumela izinto ezikhaphukhaphu ngaphandle kokubeka amandla emngciphekweni, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwimizi-mveliso yeenqwelo-moya kunye nezithuthi.

Iingenelo zokusingqongileyo: Kwizakhiwo nasekwakhiweni, i-airgel inciphisa ukuthathwa kwamandla okufudumeza nokupholisa, ihambelana neenjongo zozinzo lwehlabathi.

Ukuguquguquka: Ukususela kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amayeza ezonyango ukuya kwizinto zokuthintela isandi, ukuguquguquka kwe-aerogel akunakuthelekiswa nanto.

Ukumelana nomlilo: Ii-airgels ezisekelwe kwikhabhoni zinokunyamezela amanqanaba obushushu adlula i-1,000 °C, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe yimfuneko kukhuseleko lomlilo kwiibhetri nakwiindawo ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.

2.2 Iingxaki ze-Airgel

Nokuba ikhazimla, i-airgel ayinayo imiqobo:

Iindleko Eziphezulu Zemveliso: Inkqubo yokomisa ebaluleke kakhulu ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, nto leyo ethintela imveliso eninzi.

Ukubhitya: Ii-aerogels eziqhelekileyo zisengozini kwaye zinokwahlulwahlulwa phantsi koxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, nangona ii-polymer compounds zamva nje zinciphisa le ngxaki.

Ukuphatha Ubunzima: Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esincinci, i-aerogel kufuneka iphathwe kwiindawo ezilawulwayo ukuze iphephe ukungcola kothuli.

Ukungena kweMarike: Nangona isidingo sisanda, ulwazi kunye nokwamkelwa kwezinye iindawo kusaqhubeka.

Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso luzisombulula ngokuthe ngcembe le mida, ekhokelela indlela yorhwebo olubanzi.

3. Kutheni i-Airgel ibizwa ngokuba "ngumsi oqinileyo"?

Igama elithi "umsi onamandla" ligubungela ukubaluleka kwe-aerogel. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni ubambe into ethile ukuze ilula ukuze ibonakale ngathi ayihambisani nomxhuzulane, kodwa yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela isiphekepheke kwinkohlakalo yasemajukujukwini. Lo mnqa yintliziyo yokuchongwa kwe-aerogel.

Eli gama lisuka kubuhle kunye neempawu zokuphendula.

Ukucaca: Ii-aerogels ezininzi zibukeka njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye onsundu-mthubi, zifana nomsi obanjwe kwi-matrix enamandla.

Umxholo we-Air Web: Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yomthamo wayo ngumoya, nto leyo eyenza ibonakale ngathi ayibonakali.

Ubuninzi: Kwi-0.001 g/cm³, ixinene kunomoya, nangona ilula kunamanzi, impumelelo efana nokuqinisa ilifu.

Oku kubini-ukuba yimveliso kunye nombono- kukhuthaze ukoyikwa kunye nemibuzo. Injongo ye-NASA ye-Stardust isebenzise i-silica airgel ukubamba uthuli lwe-cosmic kwi-hypervelocities, ubungqina bokuba iyakwazi "ukubambisa" i-ephemeral.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Aerogel: I-Multifaceted Wonder

4.1 I-Aerospace kunye noKhuselo

I-Airgel lilitye lembombo elandulela uhambo. Isiphekepheke seStardust sasisebenzisa ukuqokelela amasuntswana aphakathi kweenkwenkwezi, ngelixa iJames Webb Space Telescope isebenzisa ukugqunyelelwa kwe-airgel ukugcina ubushushu be-cryogenic. Ekukhuseleni, ikhusela izixhobo zomkhosi kwiingxaki ezinzima.

4.2 Amandla kunye noZinzo

Kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo, i-airgel iphucula ukusebenza kwepaneli yelanga ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu. Ngeebhetri, imisa ukubaleka kwe-thermal kwiiseli ze-lithiumion, isilumkiso esibalulekileyo kwiilori zombane (EVs). I-LG Chemical's Nexula ™ TB sele iguqula ukugqunyelelwa kwebhetri ye-EV, yenze ukhuseleko oluthile nasemililweni.

4.3 Ukwakha kunye noYilo

Iiphaneli ze-insulation ezisekelwe kwi-aerogel zichaza ngokutsha ubume besakhiwo. Iiakhawunti zabo ze-ultrathin kunye ne-premium Rvalues zenza kube lula ukuba abaqulunqi baphuhlise amandla awonga amandla, izikhokelo ezithandekayo ngobuhle. Kwiindawo ezipholileyo, zithintela ukulahleka kobushushu, ngelixa kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, zithintela imitha yelanga.

4.4 Izisombululo zokusiNgqongileyo nezoShishino

Ukusuka ekucoceni ukuchithwa kwe-oyile (usebenzisa i-hydrophobic aerogel) ukuya kwi-carbon capture (nge-porous airgel adsorbents), izicelo zayo zokusingqongileyo zinkulu. Kwimizi-mveliso, ikhusela imibhobho, inciphisa isandi koomatshini, kwaye ide ihluze neetyhefu kunyango lwamanzi amdaka.

4.5 IiMpahla eziZimayo kunye noNonophelo lwezoNyango

Yiba nombono webhatyi yasebusika ene-airgel lining ekugcina ushushu kwi-50 °C ngaphandle kobuninzi. Okanye amalaphu ahlakaniphile afakwe kunye ne-airgel sensors ukujonga impilo ngexesha lokwenyani. Kwezamayeza, indawo ephezulu ye-aerogel yenza ukuba ilungele iinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kunye nokunxitywa kwamanxeba.

4.6 Ingcinga yokugqibela: Utshintsho lweAirgel

I-Airgel ayiyomveliso nje- lutshintsho oluqhelekileyo. Ikhono layo lokudibanisa ubunzima (ukukhanya kunye nokuqina) kunye luncedo (ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka) ukubeka njengesiseko sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Ngelixa ubunzima buqhubeka, izinga elingayekiyo lophando kunye nophuhliso liqinisekisa ukuba amandla alo aya kuqondwa ngokupheleleyo.

Kwimibutho ejonge ukukhokela kuzinzo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neteknoloji yanamhlanje, i-airgel ayisiyonto nje yokukhetha-inokwenzeka. Yamkela "umsi oqinileyo," kwaye ungene kwikamva apho imida iyanyibilika, kwaye amathuba enyuka.

Umthengisi

I-RBOSCHCO ngumthengisi we -aerogel othembekileyo kwihlabathi liphela onamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-12 ekuboneleleni ngeekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neeNanomaterials. Le nkampani ithumela kumazwe amaninzi, afana ne-USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Turkey, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal njl. Njengomvelisi ophambili wophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology, i-RBOSCHCO ilawula imakethi. Iqela lethu lomsebenzi lobuchwephesha libonelela ngezisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamashishini ahlukeneyo, ukudala ixabiso, kunye nokujongana lula nemingeni eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba ufuna i -aerogel , nceda uthumele i-imeyile ku: [email protected]

Iithegi: i-airgel iyathengiswa , i-silica airgel , i-graphene airgel

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