IiPowders zeBoron ezilungisiweyo

(Umgubo weBoron oGuquliweyo)

I-Boron powder yinto efumaneka kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso. Liyinxalenye yeemveliso ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neeseramics kunye neepeyinti. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza inani lezixhobo zonyango. Inokufumaneka nakwezinye iimveliso zokutya.I-crystalline boron

icrystalline boron powder luhlobo lweboron ecocekileyo. Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwi-alloys yenjongo ekhethekileyo, i-oxygen scavengers kunye ne-neutron absorbers kulawulo lwe-reactor yenyukliya. Yimathiriyeli esiliva ukuya kumnyama, eqinile ngokugqithisileyo kwaye esebenzayo. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwimixube ye-rocket propellant. Inyibilika kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo kwaye ayinyibiliki kwii-alcohols. Ineempawu ezintle kakhulu ze-thermal. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge catalysts nanjenge abrasives. Idweliswe kwi-UL kwaye idibana neenkcukacha zomkhosi.

Icrystalline boron (BO 101) yintsimbi eyomeleleyo eqine ngokugqithisileyo enesakhiwo sekristale. Yi-conductor yombane engalunganga kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. Iyanyibilika kwi-sulfuric kunye ne-nitric acid. Yinto esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-aerospace alloys. Isebenza kakhulu kwaye ineempawu ezilungileyo ze-thermal. Isetyenziswa kwimixube ye-rocket propellant kuba inomthamo ophezulu we-neutro wokufunxa. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba luncedo olukhulu lokutshisa. Iipropati ze-crystalline boron zifana ne-silicon's. Nangona kunjalo, i-athomu ye-boron inee-electron ezintathu ze-valence. I-reactivity yekhemikhali ye-boron iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwifom eyithathayo. Inokuba yingozi kakhulu xa ifakwe okanye ifakwe. Ukuba ujongene ne-boron ixesha elide, unokufumana i-asthma ye-bronchial, urhudo, iimpawu zesisu, ukuvuselela kwamehlo kunye nomonakalo kwisisu.

Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, i-crystalline boron isetyenziswa kwishishini le-aerospace. Sisibane esilungileyo samafutha erokhethi. Ingumqhubi olungileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Yi-insulator elungileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kodwa yi-conductor engalunganga kumaqondo obushushu begumbi. Isetyenziswe njenge-catalyst yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-boron nitride nanotubes kunye ne-boron-sulfur hybrid compounds.

Ukongeza ekubeni yinto eninzi kakhulu kwaye iluncedo, i-boron yinto enzima kakhulu ukuyivelisa. Ayifumaneki ngokwemvelo eMhlabeni. Iveliswa ngokunciphisa i-boron trioxide nge-magnesium. Xa kubalwa, umphezulu we-boron uyanda kwaye ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuyancipha kakhulu. Ukongeza, i-boron icosahedra ibotshelelwa ngokungacwangciswanga ngaphandle komyalelo woluhlu olude. Iingqungquthela ezibangelwayo zenza i-platelet-layered surface.

Ngokuchaseneyo ne-amorphous boron, i-crystalline boron inzima kakhulu kwaye ayikho i-hygroscopic. Ingumqhubi ombi kakhulu kubushushu begumbi, kodwa ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zobushushu. Yi-insulator elungileyo, kodwa ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal akulunganga njengaleyo yeglasi ye-borosilicate. Inesigaba se-aT kunye nesigaba se-bT. Isigaba se-aT sizinzile kubushushu begumbi, ngelixa isigaba se-bT sizinzile kumaqondo aphezulu. Isigaba se-aT sinokulungiswa ngokufudumeza i-boron ukuya kwi-1500-1800 degC kwaye isigaba se-bT singenziwa ngokufudumeza i-boron kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.

I-Boron ihlala isetyenziswa njenge-additive kwi-fiberglass. I-chemistry yayo ifana neye-silicon, kodwa inomlinganiselo ophantsi wezinto ezingcolisayo. Isetyenziswe kwi-antiseptics epholileyo kwaye iyingxenye kwi-tile glazes. Isetyenziswe njenge-corrosion inhibitor.

Iboron enamandla ebotshelelwe ngokudibeneyo

Xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho oqhelekileyo we-B/KNO3 osetyenziswa kwi-pyrotechnics, i-covalently bonded energetic boron powder ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula iimpawu zokutshisa zecandelo le-pyrotechnic. Oku kwenza ukusabela okusebenzayo ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Kolu phononongo, uthotho lweendlela zokusabela kunye nobuchule bokulinganisa basetyenziswa ukuphanda ubume bekhemikhali beentlobo ngeentlobo zeboron powders ezilungisiweyo.

I-athomu ye-boron inesakhiwo sombane se-1s2 2s2 2p1 kunye nentlawulo esemthethweni ye--1. Ezi electron zingqongwe zii-electron ezintandathu zangaphandle. I-athomu nganye ye-boron ingaba negalelo kwi-electron enye kummandla webhulorho yebhon-hydrogen-boron bond. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-athomu nganye ye-boron inee-electron ezintathu ze-valence, ngoko ke kufuneka isuse ubuncinane ezintathu kwezi zokwenza ibhondi yeziko ezintathu. Oku kufuna i-6700 kJ mol-1. Le yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuyila iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zeekhemikhali ukufikelela ukucoceka okuphezulu kweboron.

Inani leemolekyuli ezine-boron zibonisa uhlobo oludityanisiweyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-sp3. Ezi hybrids ze-sp3 zine-Td symmetry kwaye zenziwe xa ilungu elingumzali u-BH3 liyancipha. Zenziwa kwiikhompawundi ezinobuncinci iiathom ze-boron ezintathu, kodwa zinokuthi zenzeke kwimeko yecrystalline. Ezi zezona zigaba ze-boron zizinzile kwaye zifumaneka kwi-boron hydrides. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-boron hydride, i-athomu nganye ye-boron inokuba ne-electron ezifikelela kwishumi elinesibini le-valence. I-athomu ye-boron hydride kufuneka idibane ne-athom ezimbini ze-hydrogen ukuze zenze ibhondi yokuhlanganisa ibhoron-hydrogen-boron.

I-athomu ye-boron hydride inentlawulo esesikweni iyonke ye +1 kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwiiathom ezimbini zehidrojeni ngebhondi yokuhlanganisa. I-molecule ye-boron hydride inesakhiwo seplani ye-trigonal, kunye ne-athomu ye-boron kwibhondi ye-boron-hydrogen-boron i-triangular. Olu lungiselelo lunika i-boron hydride ukumila okwahlukileyo.

Ifomula ye-boron hydride inezakhiwo ezine ezingaziwayo. Ezi ziquka inani le-athomu ze-boron ezibandakanyekayo kwibhondi yebhulorho ye-boron-hydrogen-boron kunye nenani lee-electron ze-valence ezibandakanyekayo kwibhondi ye-boron-hydrogen-boron yeziko ezintathu. Ezi zibalulekile ekuqikeleleni indlela yokuziphatha kwe-boron hydride. Nangona kunjalo, i-boron hydride ayiyona i-ionic compound engqongqo ngenxa yemfuno ye-ionization. Ukuze kuveliswe ikhompawundi ecocekileyo ye-ionic, zontathu iiathom ze-boron kufuneka zibe ionized, efuna ngaphezulu kwe-6700 kJ mol-1. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iikhompawundi ze-ionic, i-boron hydride ayifaki iibhondi enye.

Ukufumana i-boron powder enomxholo ophezulu we-N, i-boron surface yaphathwa nge-nano-Al nge-acoustic resonance method. Emva kokufumana isampuli nge-boron-coated surface, i-boron powder yayiyi-vacuum yomisiwe kwiqondo lokushisa. Umgubo wawuhluzwa kwifuneli yaseBuchner. Ukucoca kwenziwa ngamanyathelo amathathu ukufumana ukusasazwa kweengqungquthela ze-boron. Ukongezelela, i-boron powder yalungiswa yindlela yokunyuka kwe-solvent.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-boron

iboron sisiqalelo sekhemikhali esisetyenziswa kwimveliso yeeseramics, insulating fiberglass, kunye neglasi. Yenye yezinto ezine ezisisiseko kwitheyibhile yeperiodic. Inenombolo yeatom yezihlanu kwaye iyinto enxantathu engeyiyo eyentsimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwiikhompawundi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-borates.

Inendawo yokunyibilika ngaphezu kwe-2000 degC, iyenza ibe ngumqhubi ombi wombane kumaqondo obushushu egumbi. Nangona kunjalo, itshintshela kwi-conductor engcono kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-athom zayo zeboron zibotshelelwe ngo-trigonally sp3. Xa le bhondi ye-sp3 nenitrogen, yiboron nitride. IBoron nitride sisithinteli esilungileyo kunye nomqhubi obalaseleyo wobushushu. Ingenziwa kwiikristale ezinzima kakhulu. Yinto yesibini kuphela kwidayimani ngobulukhuni. Isetyenziselwa ubucwebe, iglasi, kunye nokukhusela kwintsimbi.

I-sodium borate decahydrate (NaBH4) yi-agent ethandwayo yokunciphisa imichiza. Ikwasetyenziswa njengebleach. Inani elikhulu lezinye iikhompawundi nazo zenziwe kwi-boron. Ezi ziquka i-boron carbide, esetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezikwazi ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokukhusela kwimitha. Ikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni i-insulating fiberglass kunye ne-flame retardant. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweglasi ye-borosilicate.

Kukwakho nenani leefom ze-boron nitride ezisetyenziswa njengezithambisi kunye namalungu obushushu obuphezulu. Ezi ziquka i-hexagonal kunye ne-cubic boron nitride. Ezi ziikristale ezinzima kwaye zisetyenziselwa usetyenziso oluhlukeneyo. Zikwasetyenziswa njengeebrasives. Ziphinde zizinzile kwaye azisebenzi kunye ne-asidi.

IBoron ikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni ipeyinti kunye nezinye iipholima. Yikhemikhali efumaneka kukutya okuninzi, emhlabeni, nakwizityalo. Kuthathwa njengemaminerali eyimfuneko kubomi bezityalo. Ayaziwa ukuba ingakanani i-boron eqokelelwa kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, kodwa ayithathwa njengetyhefu.

IUnited States ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu weboron. Imbiwa kwi-evaporite ores, equlethe i-element. Ezona zimbiwa eziqhelekileyo ezineboron zi-kernite kunye ne-borax. Le yokugqibela yityuwa ye-boron kwaye isetyenziswe yimpucuko yakudala kangangamawaka eminyaka.

I-United Kingdom ngomnye umthombo omkhulu we-boron. Yembiwa kwiindawo ezininzi, kuquka iTurkey, iRashiya, neOstreliya. Uninzi lweeminerali ezineboron zisetyenziswa njengetyuwa zeborate. Iboron eveliswa kwezi borates ilungiswa ibeyiboron acid. Ikwasetyenziswa njengesigcini-mpahla, i-porcelain, kunye nesamente. Ezinye izicelo ze-boron ziquka ukuveliswa kweeglasi ze-borosilicate, ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhathisa ukothuka okukhulu kwe-thermal. Ezinye iimveliso ze-boron ziquka i-boron nitride, imathiriyeli enzima kakhulu eyesibini kuphela ebulukhuni kwidayimane. Ikwasetyenziswa nakwi pyrotechnic flares.

Malunga ne-RBOSCHCO

I-RBOSCHCO ngumthengisi wezinto zeekhemikhali othembekileyo kwihlabathi liphela kunye nomenzi onamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-12 ekuboneleleni ngeekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neeNanomaterials. Le nkampani ithumela kumazwe amaninzi, afana ne-USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Turkey, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal njl. Njengomvelisi ophambili wophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology, i-RBOSCHCO ilawula imakethi. Iqela lethu lomsebenzi lobuchwephesha libonelela ngezisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamashishini ahlukeneyo, ukudala ixabiso, kunye nokujongana lula nemingeni eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba ufuna i-boron powder, nceda unxibelelane nathi okanye uthumele i-imeyile ku: [email protected]

(Umgubo weBoron oGuquliweyo)