Uyazi ukuthi lo mgwaqo uzoshisa futhi uncibilikise iqhwa neqhwa?

(Ingabe uyazi ukuthi lo mgwaqo uzoshisa futhi uncibilikise iqhwa neqhwa?)

Emazweni amaningi asenyakatho, isimo sezulu sezulu esinemvula nesikhithika ebusika singabangela iqhwa endaweni yomgwaqo, ukuze kuncishiswe ukunamathela kwamasondo emoto phansi, ingozi yokushayela nayo yanda, kanye nokuhamba kahle kwezimoto nakho kuthinteka kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, u-15% ~ 30% wezingozi zomgwaqo zasebusika zihlobene nokuqhwaqwa kweqhwa endaweni yomgwaqo. Ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezinzima zokuphepha zomgwaqo ezibangelwa imigwaqo eneqhwa, abantu bahlola futhi bazama izindlela eziningi.

 

Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokutholakala okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha, abanye ososayensi baye bacabanga ngesibindi ukuthi uma umgwaqo ugandaywe ngokhonkolo, lapho iqhwa neqhwa kunqwabelana, inqobo nje uma umgwaqo unamandla futhi ufudumala, ungancibilikisa ngokushesha iqhwa neqhwa futhi uxazulule inkinga yokushelela komgwaqo. Gcina ithrafikhi iphephile futhi ibushelelezi.

 

Ngo-1980, amanye amazwe athuthukile aqala ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukhonkolo oqhubayo futhi afunde nobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela. Ngawo-1970, i-United States kanye namazwe aseNordic bethula ucwaningo nokusebenzisa ukhonkolo oqhutshwayo ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokugqwala kukakhonkolo womgwaqo nowebhuloho okubangelwa ukusika usawoti. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990, ucwaningo lwekhonkrithi eqhubayo lwaqala ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane ekusebenzeni. Ngo-1998, iShayina yazama ukufaka i-graphite kunamathisele usimende ukuze yenze amaphansi okushisa angaphakathi, okwakunelisa kakhulu. Ngo-2003, i-United States yafaka ukhonkolo ohambisayo emphemeni we-Roca Spur Bridge, isebenzisa umphumela wayo we-thermoelectric ukuqopha iqhwa. Le miphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ukhonkolo obambayo unamathemba aqinile, futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukusebenzisa ekuncibilikiseni iqhwa neqhwa.

 

I-graphite yinto etholakala kalula uma kuqhathaniswa ne-inorganic engagcini nje ngokusebenza kahle kagesi kanye ne-thermal kodwa futhi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukumelana kukagesi kokhonkolo osebenzayo kungahluka kusuka ku-10-1 kuya ku-106 Ω·cm ngokushintsha kokuqukethwe kwegraphite. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ikhonkrithi yezohwebo ibe ne-conductivity enhle lapho okuqukethwe kuphezulu, kanye ne-graphite powder Isidingo samanzi sibalulekile, futhi kuyadingeka ukwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwengxube yekhonkrithi yezohwebo, okuzokwenza ukuthi amandla okhonkolo wezohwebo anciphise njengoba inani le-graphite powder landa ngokushesha. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-graphite kudlula i-12%, ukwanda kokusebenza kukagesi akubonakali, kuyilapho amandla okucindezela ehla kakhulu ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-graphite. Uma inani le-graphite lingaphezu kuka-20%, amandla okucindezela angaphansi kuka-10MPa, futhi ukumelana nokumelana kungaphansi kuka-10MPa. Ngaphansi kuka-50 Ω·cm.

 

Ukufakwa kwe-graphite powder kwenza ukusebenza kwengxube kakhonkolo kube kubi kakhulu, kodwa kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokwakha ubunjiniyela. Njengoba inani le-graphite powder lenyuka, amandla okhonkolo ayancipha; ubuhle be-graphite powder bunomthelela omncane emandleni okukhonkolo okuqhubayo. I-resistiveivity kagesi yekhonkrithi ye-conductive iyancipha ngokunyuka kwe-fineness kanye nenani le-graphite powder. Ngemva kokunika amandla okuqhubekayo, inomphumela omuhle kakhulu we-electrothermal kanye nomphumela wokukhiqiza amandla. Ukhonkolo oqhutshwayo onokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, amandla, kanye ne-conductivity kagesi ingalungiswa ngokusebenzisa i-graphite powder. Ikhonkrithi ye-conductive ixubene nokhonkolo ojwayelekile, futhi ukhonkolo uguqulwa ube yinto entsha ehlanganisiwe ene-conductivity ethize. Ngemva kokuba amandla evuliwe, ukhonkolo unikezwa amandla futhi ushise. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lomgwaqo likhuphuka, iqhwa neqhwa kuncibilika ngenxa yokushisa. Ukhonkolo we-conductive ungancibilikisa iqhwa ngesikhathi nangendlela ephumelelayo, uqinisekise ukuhamba kahle nokuphepha, unciphise ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kazwelonke okubangelwa izinhlekelele zeqhwa neqhwa, ube luhlaza, futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zentuthuko esimeme. Njengohlobo olusha lwekhonkrithi esebenzayo ehlanganisiwe, alunayo nje kuphela ikhono eliphakeme lomshini wokukhonkolo ojwayelekile, kodwa futhi linomshini omuhle kagesi kanye ne-thermal conductivity; ingagwema ngokuphumelelayo ingozi yengozi yomgwaqo ebangelwa iqhwa neqhwa endaweni yomgwaqo yasebusika futhi ingaxazulula usawoti we-deicing. Izinkinga zezomnotho nezemvelo ezilethwa zinamathemba amahle okusebenza.

(Ingabe uyazi ukuthi lo mgwaqo uzoshisa futhi uncibilikise iqhwa neqhwa?)