Boron carbide (B4C) is a carbon compound with excellent properties, such as high hardness, melting point, and heat transfer. It is widely used in industries, military, aerospace, and other fields. This article will introduce the preparation methods, influencing factors, performance characterization, and application fields of boron carbide, providing references for research and application in related fields.
Preparation method
The preparation methods of boron carbide mainly include the carbon thermal reduction method, arc melting method, and
chemical vapour deposition method.
Carbothermal reduction method
The carbon thermal reduction method is commonly used for preparing boron carbide. This method uses boric acid and carbon black (or graphite) as raw materials and generates boron carbide and carbon dioxide through a high-temperature melting reaction. The reaction equation is B2O3+3C → B4C+CO. The reaction temperature is generally 1500-1700 ℃. The advantages of this method are a simple process and low cost, but the purity of the prepared boron carbide is low, making it difficult to meet the high purity requirements.
Arc melting method
The arc melting method involves boric acid or borax's heating and melting reaction with graphite electrodes in an arc to generate boron carbide. The reaction equation is B2O3+3C → B4C. The reaction temperature is generally 1800~2000 ℃. The boron carbide prepared by this method has high purity and fine particles, but the process is complex and expensive.
Chemical vapour deposition method
The chemical vapour deposition method utilizes the reaction of gaseous borane and carbon black at high temperatures to generate boron carbide. The reaction equation is B2H6+6C → B4C+6H2. The reaction temperature is generally between 1000~1200 ℃. The boron carbide prepared by this method has high purity and fine particle size, but the process is complex and expensive.
Influencing factors
The factors affecting the preparation of boron carbide mainly include raw material quality, preparation temperature, and insulation time.
Raw material quality
The quality of raw materials is very important factor affecting the preparation of boron carbide. The purity and particle size of boric acid and carbon black (or graphite) impact the preparation and quality of boron carbide. The higher the purity and the more uniform the particle size, the better the quality of the prepared boron carbide.
Preparation temperature
The preparation temperature is a key factor affecting the preparation of boron carbide. High or low temperatures can affect the generation and purity of boron carbide. Generally speaking, the higher the preparation temperature, the faster the generation rate of boron carbide. However, excessive temperature can lead to the volatilization of boron and the excessive oxidation of carbon, affecting the quality of boron carbide. Therefore, selecting the appropriate preparation temperature is crucial.
Holding time
Holding time is also one of the factors affecting the preparation of boron carbide. At a certain temperature, the longer the holding time, the more complete the reaction of boron carbide. However, if it is too long, it will lead to the volatilization of boron and excessive oxidation of carbon, affecting the quality of boron carbide. Therefore, choosing the appropriate insulation time is also crucial.
Performance characterization
The performance characterization of boron carbide mainly includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties.
physical property
The physical properties of boron carbide mainly include density, conductivity, thermal conductivity, etc. Among them, the density is 2.52g/cm3, the conductivity is 10-6S/m, and the thermal conductivity is 97W/m · K.
chemical property
Boron carbide has chemical stability and is not easily reactive with acids and alkalis. B4C can react with O2, H2O, etc. at high temperatures to generate B2O3, CO, etc. In addition, B4C also has antioxidant and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for long-term use in high-temperature and corrosive environments.
Mechanical property
Boron carbide has characteristics such as high hardness, melting point, and heat transfer, making it widely used in industries, military, aerospace, and other fields. Among them, the hardness is 3500kg/mm2, the melting point is 2450 ℃, and the heat transfer rate is 135W/m · K. In addition, boron carbide also has good wear and corrosion resistance, which can maintain its performance in complex working conditions.
Application field
Boron carbide is widely used in industries, military, aerospace, and the other fields due to its excellent performance.
Industrial sector
Boron carbide is mainly used in the industrial field to produce high-performance products such as abrasives, grinding tools, cutting blades, drill bits, etc. In addition, due to its high hardness and wear resistance, boron carbide can also be used to make ceramic composite materials, wear-resistant parts, etc.
Military field
Boron carbide is widely used in producing protective armour for military equipment such as armoured vehicles and tanks due to its high hardness and impact resistance. In addition, due to its high heat transfer performance, boron carbide can also be used to make heat sinks in military communication equipment.
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Calcium is a nutrient that your body uses for healthy bones and teeth. It also plays a role in the control of blood pressure and maintains heartbeats.
It is a member of the alkaline earth elements group and serves as an alloying agent for other metals such as aluminum and beryllium. It is found in many industrial materials such as cement and mortar.
The chemical formula for calcium nitride is Ca3N2 (Ca-N-O). It has an atomic number of 20 and a valency of +2.
Calcium nitride is produced from elemental calcium and nitrogen. It is a red-brown, crystalline solid that is formed when the calcium reacts with air to form the oxide, CaO.
To produce calcium nitride, a fine fibrous calcium metal purified by distillation is placed in a nickel boat and heated at 450 for 3
Calcium nitride is widely used as a catalyst for the synthesis of other compounds, as a reagent for metal alloying, as a desiccant and a chemical analysis reagent, and as a raw material in the production of light-emitting diode (LED) phosphors. It is also a significant hydrogen storage reagent and a critical material in advanced fuel cells.
cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys are used in the medical industry for applications such as orthopedic implants. Their popularity has waned due to their limited hardness and tribological properties, leading to the development of alternative systems.
In orthopaedics, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys have been widely used in hip replacements and other metal-on-metal prostheses because of their high strength. However, complications such as loosening and tissue necrosis have been reported. These have been attributed to the alloy’s biocompatibility.
Alloys of this type are manufactured using a range of processing techniques, including casting and wrought forging. Some are fabricated through spark plasma sintering, which results in an alloy with carbide-free microstructures.
The influence of chromium and molybdenum content on the phases present in a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum system is investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanomechanical, and electrochemical behavior. The results indicate that the hardness of the alloys increases in line with the increasing chromium content, and reduces with increasing molybdenum content.
In addition, the open-circuit potential, polarization resistivity, and linear sweep voltammetry disclose that passivity improves in line with the increasing Cr content, whereas reduced modulus demonstrates an inflection at 30 wt% of Cr. These findings are in agreement with previous research on the metallurgical properties of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum systems.
Cobalt-based alloys possess many desirable properties, such as heat resistance (strong at very high temperatures), wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. They are generally categorized into softer and harder grades, based on the crystallographic nature of cobalt (its sensitivity to stress), the solid-solution-strengthening effects of chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum, the formation of metal carbides, and the corrosion resistance imparted by chromium. The softer and tougher compositions are usually employed in high-temperature applications such as gas turbine vanes and buckets, while the more rigid grades are used to withstand wear and tear.
sodium stearate chemical formula is C17H35CO2Na and it is a salt of the fatty acid stearic acid. It is a tertiary carboxylic acid, which is often used as a surfactant in various products, including soaps and detergents.
Stearic acid is a naturally occurring saturated fatty acid that can be sourced from either animal fats and oils (lard, tallow) or vegetable oil sources such as palm, coconut, and rapeseed oil. It is usually present in the form of triglyceride, which has long hydrocarbon chains and glycerine molecules attached to them.
It is a common ingredient in most types of commercial soaps. It also is used in solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and as an accelerator for many types of printing inks.
The molecule of sodium stearate is composed of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts which makes it a very stable emulsifier in water, as well as a very useful thickening agent. It is mainly used as a detergent in soaps and other personal care products because of its excellent ability to dissolve oily substances.
Sodium stearate is an effective and inexpensive additive that can be used in numerous applications, as well as in food production. It is an approved food additive by the FDA and European authorities, as well as many other national and international regulatory bodies.
It is a mild, safe, biodegradable ingredient that can be used in most industries and applications. Besides being a detergent, it can be used as a lubricant and as a thickening agent in food. It is also widely used in pharmaceuticals as a stearate, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.
Nickel ii selenide has the honor of being the first of its kind to hit the market. This metallic reddish brown chalcogenide has the honor of being one of only two known commercially available nickel based chalcogenide (the other being niobium) and is used in a wide variety of applications including magnetic compass and resonant energy storage.
Nickel ii selenide is readily available in multiple grades and forms, typically manufactured to order. American Elements is a recognized industry leader and can be trusted for your custom specialty chemical needs. The company offers a full line of high purity and high concentrations in bulk quantities, often with special pricing and delivery terms. The best way to learn more about this luminous powder is to contact us today!
The chemical formula of calcium nitride is Ca3N2. It is a red-brown crystalline solid compound made up of calcium and nitrogen. It is formed along with the oxide, CaO, when calcium burns in the air.
There are several isomorphs of this material. a-calcium nitride is the most common form.
This isomorphous form of nitride is used to prepare high-end phosphors. It is also used in diamond tools, metal ceramics, and high-temperature alloy additives.
In order to make this isomorphous, it is heated in pure N2 gas flow at 450 for 3 to 4 hours. This temperature is the highest at which calcium nitride can be made. Because of the crystalline transformation of calcium metal at this temperature (hexagonal crystal Ca - body-centered cubic Ca), the lattice structure becomes loose, and nitriding reaction speed is very fast.
When calcium nitride is dissolved in water, it forms calcium hydroxide which releases ammonia. The resulting solution is soluble in dilute acid and decomposes in anhydrous alcohol.
It is an important reagent in the chemical industry. It can be reacted with hydrogen to obtain active nitride ions. It can also be used as a desiccant, reducing agent and chemical analysis reagent. It is suitable for the production of light-emitting diode phosphors and hydrogen fuel cells. It is available in bulk quantity. is a leading supplier and manufacturer of high-quality calcium nitride. Contact us to learn more!
Aluminum carbide, Al4C3, is a complex crystal compound of alternating layers of aluminum and carbon. Each aluminum atom is coordinated to 4 carbon atoms. The alternating tetrahedra of aluminum and carbon atoms form an unusual crystal structure that is stable at temperatures up to 1400 degC.
Metals that form carbides exhibit several unique properties in addition to their toughness. They often possess high refractoriness and low thermal expansion, and are generally highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation. These characteristics make them ideal for coatings used on tools, drills and other industrial materials.
Some of the most common carbide compounds of aluminum include aluminum fluoride (AlF3), sodium aluminate (NaAlH4) and lithium aluminate (LiAlH4). Lithium aluminate is widely used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis and as a stabilizer in electrolytic aluminum production.
It can be produced by reacting the alumina with a halogen. It is inert, subliming without melting at 1291 degC and exhibits a bridge-like structure with good properties for molecular compounds.
Other carbides can be formed by combining aluminum with other elements, such as magnesium, silicon, copper and manganese. The aluminum ions bind to the carbon atoms of other metals, resulting in alloys that are hard, refractory and have low thermal expansion.
Various zeolite materials are being produced using aluminum dross as a raw material. These zeolite materials have been used in applications such as waste treatment, filtration and separation. Some of these materials also have applications in solar cells, biomedical devices and fuel cells.
3d printing inconel 718 is a new technology that allows you to create any product you can imagine. It is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) process that uses CAD data to create a digital representation of a physical part, which is then built by fusing successive layers of powder material using a laser or other light source.
This process allows you to create geometrically complex parts that would otherwise be impossible to manufacture. Moreover, 3d printing is a cost-effective solution because it can construct parts that require minimal material usage and little or no waste.
The first step is to create a CAD model that defines the shape of the product you want to print. Then, a layer of Inconel powder is spread on the printer's bed, and a laser fuses the material. Depending on the machine and the type of powder, this process can produce 16-30 microns of precision at a time.
DMLS is a metal 3D printing technology that uses direct metal laser sintering to make parts solid, without the need for post-processing. It is a very accurate, high-quality and reliable way of producing parts that are not only solid but also have great detail, high layer heights and a smooth finish.
Although Filamet(tm) has some disadvantages compared to DMLS, it is still an excellent choice for a large variety of applications, such as prototyping and casting. It has a high resistance to oxidation and corrosion, good strength, tensile, fatigue and creep-rupture properties, as well as easy fabrication and welding.
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